American Cast Iron Pipe Company pioneered txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ductile hlau kav. Thawj cov yeeb nkab hlau tau raug cam khwb cia hauv xyoo 1948. Xyoo ntawm metallurgical, casting, thiab kev tswj kom zoo ua raws li. Xyoo 1955, cov yeeb nkab hlau yeeb nkab tau nkag mus rau hauv kev lag luam-qhov chaw thaum thawj cov khoom xa tuaj. Txij thaum ntawd los, kev tsim cov kav hlau kav hlau tau loj hlob tsis tu ncua thiab tam sim no nws yog cov khoom siv dav dav rau kev xa dej thiab lwm yam kua.
Lub advent ntawm ductile-hlau yeeb nkab nyob rau hauv 1948 yog ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub siab yeeb nkab kev lag luam. Ceev nrooj lees paub tias yog cov khoom siv yeeb nkab nrog txhua qhov zoo ntawm grey cam khwb cia hlau yeeb nkab ntxiv rau lub zog thiab ductility, nws yog thawj zaug siv rau cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb thiab hnyav ntawm kev kub siab, dej rauj, thiab cov khoom siv sab nraud ntau dhau. Nrog rau kev paub ntau xyoo, nws tau ua pov thawj tias muaj teeb meem zoo thiab kev saib xyuas tsis pub dawb raws li cov khoom siv hauv av siab, thiab tam sim no nws tau siv rau hauv kev thauj mus los ntawm cov dej nyoos thiab dej haus, dej phwj tuaj, slurries, thiab cov txheej txheem tshuaj. Lub zog thiab rugged durability ntawm ductile hlau yeeb nkab ua rau muaj kev ntseeg siab ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab.
Lub zog zoo kawg nkaus thiab kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo ntawm cov yeeb nkab hlau, nrog rau ntau qhov zoo, tsim kom muaj kev xav tau sai rau cov yeeb nkab no raws li cov kws ua haujlwm thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm siv hluav taws xob pom tau tias nws tuaj yeem thauj tau, tuav thiab nruab nrog tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov yeeb nkab. Hauv kev pabcuam, cov yeeb nkab hlau yeeb nkab tau pom tias kev siv nyiaj ntawm kev kho yuav raug tshem tawm. Nws cov corrosion kuj tshaj li ntawm grey cam khwb cia hlau, ib tug yeeb nkab khoom nrog lub koob npe nrov ntawm ib-paus xyoo ntawm kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv kev sib kis thiab faib dej thiab roj. Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev lees txais dav ntawm cov yeeb nkab hlau yeeb nkab yog pom los ntawm nws txoj kev saws me nyuam thoob plaws ntiaj teb raws li kev lees txais cov yeeb nkab hauv av rau kev thauj mus los ntawm dej, khib nyiab, thiab ntau yam khoom siv.
Cov yeeb nkab hlau ductile yog tsim raws li lub teb chaws tus qauv. Cov yam ntxwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov yeeb nkab hlau ua los ntawm nws cov khoom siv hlau tshwj xeeb ua tiav thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom. Ductile hlau yeeb nkab nrog qhov ntev uas ua rau nws sib xws nrog grey hlau yeeb nkab thiab fittings yog muaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntawm cov pob qij txha uas equip nws rau tej yam kev pab cuam. Raws li nrog grey cam khwb cia hlau yeeb nkab, kev tiv thaiv los ntawm ib puag ncig hnyav yog muaj. Ductile hlau yeeb nkab muab ntau yam hauv kev tsim thiab thaum nws tuaj yeem tsim tau raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov qauv sib txawv, nws tsis nyob hauv ib qho system tshwj xeeb. Cov kws tshaj lij tuaj yeem xaiv lwm yam kev siv los soj ntsuam lub zog muaj zog thiab ductility ntawm cov yeeb nkab hlau.
Vim nws lub zog siab thiab muaj peev xwm nqa tau lub ntiaj teb zoo, cov yeeb nkab hlau tau pom dav dav hauv kev pabcuam raws li lub ntiajteb txawj nqus ntws cov kab khib nyiab thiab cov kav dej. Hauv kev pabcuam dej phwj, cov yeeb nkab hlau txuas nrog cov txheej txheem thawb-ntawm cov pob qij txha tau zoo tshem tawm infiltration thiab exfiltration. Nws tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam, qhov ntev ntawm cov yeeb nkab yooj yim, thiab kev sib koom ua ke yooj yim tau ua rau cov engineers thiab cov neeg ua hauj lwm rau kev tsim kho kom paub txog nws ntau yam zoo, thiab nws txoj kev siv hauv cov kav dej phwj tuaj tau nce sai heev hauv xyoo tas los no.
Cov yeeb nkab hlau yeeb nkab yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov raj xa dej sib nqus raws li qhia los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ntsuas sab hauv ntawm 6.9 MPa, qhov siab sab nraud ntawm 3 MPa, thiab huab cua tsis zoo ntawm 1 MPa uas tsis muaj qhov to thiab tsis muaj qhov nkag. Ductile hlau gravity flow pipelines yuav tsum tau tsim thiab teev nyob rau hauv raws li ntau lub teb chaws tus qauv. Cov nplhaib tshwj xeeb thiab cov kab hluav taws xob muaj zog ua rau cov yeeb nkab hlau ua ib qho qauv zoo rau cov kav dej.
Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm cov yeeb nkab hlau hauv cov kav dej phwj yog qhov tseeb tias nws sab hauv txoj kab uas hla yog ntau dua li nominal. Qhov no ua rau muaj peev xwm ntau dua rau cov yeeb nkab loj, thiab yog li kev txuag nyiaj ntau tuaj yeem ua tiav. Cov yeeb nkab hlau yog muaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv hauv tsev lossis cov cement-mortar linings rau cov dej phwj hauv tsev. Cov ntaub qhwv tshwj xeeb muaj rau cov khib nyiab ntau dua. Lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov yeeb nkab hlau hauv cov kav dej phwj yog nws muaj peev xwm tiv taus qhov tob tob ntawm lub ntiaj teb npog nyob rau hauv nominal nteg tej yam kev mob.