Vim li cas thiaj xaiv peb?

Pab neeg tshaj lij
Mr. Herman kuj tseem saib xyuas kev cog qoob loo tshiab ntawm kev ua thawj coj muaj peev xwm. Nws txhawb kom cov neeg ua haujlwm nquag kawm thiab nce qib, thiab muab lawv qhov chaw dav rau kev txhim kho. Nyob rau hauv nws kev coj noj coj ua, lub foundry tsis tau tsuas yog ua kom muaj kev vam meej hauv technology, tab sis kuj ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev cob qhia txuj ci.

 

Khoom siv Advanced
Cov kab hluav taws xob zoo li qub kab rov tav ntau lawm yog cov cuab yeej tsim khoom siab tshaj plaws uas siv cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob zoo li qub los xyuas kom meej tias lub npog manhole tseem nyob hauv lub xeev ruaj khov thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom, yog li txhim kho qhov raug thiab sib xws ntawm cov khoom. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab ntau lawm no yuav pab txhim kho koj cov kev ua haujlwm ntau lawm, txo cov nqi tsim khoom, thiab muab cov neeg siv khoom zoo dua manhole npog cov khoom.

 

Kev Tswj Xyuas Zoo
Ib qho tshiab coke cupola uas tuaj yeem yaj 3 tons ntawm cov hlau molten ib teev tau muab tso rau hauv kev siv. Nrog rau kev txhim kho cov cuab yeej casting, cov khoom siv casting tau nthuav dav los ntawm cov hlau grey mus rau cov hlau ductile. Lub tuam txhab pib tsim cov khoom siv hlau yeeb nkab fittings, nrog rau cov khoom siv ntawm cov hlau ductile 500-5 thiab cov qauv siv BS4772, thiab ua tiav cov khoom lag luam thawj zaug, thiab cov khoom raug xa tawm mus rau Singapore.

 

Technology zoo heev
Peb thiab peb cov neeg koom tes tau tsim ib ceg tshiab uas npog thaj tsam ntawm 25, 000 square metres thiab tau txais cov txheej txheem casting tshiab - ploj ua npuas ncauj. Poob ua npuas ncauj casting yog txheej txheem casting txheej txheem nrog ntau yam zoo, xws li siab precision, high efficiency thiab tsawg tus nqi. Cov txheej txheem no siv cov qauv ua npuas dej soluble los ua cov castings. Tus qauv maj mam yaj thaum lub sij hawm casting txheej txheem kom tau qhov xav tau casting zoo. Qhov no yog qhov kev txiav txim siab muaj txiaj ntsig.

 

Dab tsi yog Ductile Iron Gully Grating

 

Lub ductile hlau gully grate los ntawm yog ib tug muaj zog grate rau siv nyob rau hauv pab pawg neeg 3 Class D400 daim ntaub ntawv xws li carriageway ib puag ncig. Nws tseem tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv thaj chaw txog li 1250cm2 txoj kev dej. Ua kom tiav nrog peb flanges, koj tuaj yeem yooj yim tso cov khoom no tiv thaiv cov npoo raws li xav tau. Rau kev tshem tawm thiab kev yooj yim ntawm kev nkag, cov khoom tseem hinged nrog tshwj xeeb crafted captive hinges kom txo tau txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm tub sab nyiag thiab ua kom tswj cov grate thiab system ntau yooj yim.

 

Tsev 12345 Rau sab kawg 1/5
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Ductile Iron Gully Grating

Siab zog:Lub zog tensile ntawm cov hlau nplaum yog ntau tshaj 420 MPa, thiab cov khoom muaj zog yog ntau tshaj 300 MPa, uas yog piv rau cov hlau tsis muaj cov pa roj carbon tsawg thiab peb zaug ntau dua li cov hlau grey.


Zoo Toughness:Tus nqi cuam tshuam zoo ib yam li carbon steel thiab kaum npaug ntau dua li cov hlau grey.


Plasticity zoo:Lub elongation ntawm cov hlau hlau yog ntau dua 7%, uas zoo ib yam li cov hlau carbon siab, thaum grey hlau muaj qhov elongation ntawm xoom.


Anti-Corrosion Resistance:Tus nqi corrosion tsuas yog {{0}}.25 npaug ntawm cov kav dej thaum lub sijhawm cuaj caum-hnub tshuaj tsuag corrosion thiab 0.1 npaug ntawm cov kav hlau grey. Lub neej ntev yog ob zaug ntev npaum li cov kav hlau grey thiab tsib zaug ntev dua li cov kav hlau zoo tib yam.

 

Hom Ductile Iron Gully Grating
 
Cast Iron Thiab Ductile Iron Trench Grates

Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm txhua yam muaj zog thiab durability, trench grates thiab thav duab ua los ntawm cam khwb cia hlau los yog ductile hlau yog zoo heev. Cov khoom siv nyob rau hauv cov grate no feem ntau hu ua "grey hlau," uas muaj zog load-bearing thiab vibration-damping peev xwm. Yog li ntawd, cam khwb cia hlau trench grate muaj suab nrov tsis muaj caij nyoog ntawm deformation, txawm tias thaum raug hnyav compression. Qhov no ua rau lawv zoo tagnrho rau cov chaw tsheb loj thiab cov chaw hauv nroog. Ntxiv nrog rau qhov muaj zog tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv, cov khoom tiv thaiv corrosion thiab yooj yim muaj ntawm cov trench grate yog qhov zoo.

Stainless hlau Trench Grates

Trench grate los yog trench pans ua los ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj steel muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv tawv, kev ntseeg tau, thiab lub peev xwm thauj khoom. Cov qib siab ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv stainless hlau trench grate kuj tseem ceeb. Cov gratings no muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo thermal thiab tuaj yeem tsim kom muaj qee qhov kev thov kom zoo nkauj. Cov neeg tsim khoom muab cov qauv sib txawv thiab kev xaiv tiav kom tau raws li cov neeg siv khoom tshwj xeeb. Stainless hlau trench grate kuj ua kom zoo dua kev huv thiab huv.

Pob zeb Trench Grate System

Siv rau hauv cov ntawv thov kev lag luam thiab hauv nroog, nrog rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj, pob zeb trench grate feem ntau tuaj nrog kev ruaj ntseg tsis muaj xeb, ua kom ntev ntev, thiab kev ruaj ntseg zoo heev. Lub hauv paus toughness ntawm pob zeb pab txhawb rau tag nrho lub zog thiab durability ntawm cov grate. Qhov kev txhim kho plam tsis kam ntawm pob zeb trench grate maximizes kev nyab xeeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, channel gratings ua los ntawm pob zeb zoo li nqus cua sov thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov hnyav sab nraud.

Qhob Trench Gates

Thaum cov pob zeb ua pob zeb tseem siv tau ntau, lawv nyob hauv qab cov cam khwb cia hlau ntau yam nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev yooj yim ntawm installation, usability, thiab kev ua tau zoo. Rau qhov pib, tus nqi ntawm phau ntawv ua haujlwm koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov pob zeb ua vaj tse yog qhov sib piv siab. Ntau lub tuam txhab foundry hais txog qhov kev sib tw no los ntawm kev siv precast trench grate, qhov twg cov pob zeb ua vaj tse yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub Hoobkas thiab xa raws li npaj-rau-nruab daim. Txawm li cas los xij, pob zeb gratings tuaj yeem hloov tau, tso cai rau kev hloov kho hauv txoj kab nqes, qhov tob, dav, thiab lwm yam nta.

Linear Trench Drain Grates

Feem ntau tsim nrog cov khoom zoo zoo polymer pob zeb, hlau, lossis cov yas tsim, cov trench grate no tau txais kev muaj koob meej hauv kev lag luam, hauv nroog, thiab kev teeb tsa. Ua nrog precision engineering, linear trench gratings sib xyaw ua vaj tse los txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kav dej. Cov txheej txheem casting ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov gratings muaj qhov xav tau rigidity, load rating, thiab kuj muaj zog.

Yas Trench Grates

Yooj yim ntawm castability thiab installation, ua ke nrog lawv lub teeb yuag thiab tus nqi sib tw, yog qhov tseem ceeb tom qab qhov nrov ntawm cov grate thiab thav duab tshuab ua los ntawm kev lag luam qib yas. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qee qhov tsis zoo rau kev siv cov yas trench grate. Piv txwv li, cov khoom tuaj yeem ploj mus lossis tshuaj dawb sai, thiab kev sib cuag nrog dej chlorinated yuav ua rau cov gratings puas. Vim lawv lub peev xwm qis qis, cov yas trench grate feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov chaw tsheb tsawg lossis rau cov laj thawj zoo nkauj.

Fiberglass Trench Grates

Los ntawm cov chaw cia khoom mus rau cov chaw ua haujlwm thiab chaw ua haujlwm, fiberglass trench grate yog qhov kev xaiv zoo rau ntau qhov chaw. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv ua kom muaj zog thiab ua tiav kev tiv thaiv corrosion txhim kho kev siv tau thiab kev ua haujlwm ntev ntawm hom trench grate system. Cov khoom siv fiberglass hnav tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov gratings xws li cov kab me me lossis loj square. Muaj tsawg kawg yog corrosion thiab puas txaus ntshai, thiab plam tsis kam yog siab.

Aluminium Trench Grate

Aluminium gratings, zoo li lawv cov steel counterparts, yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov txheej txheem machining uas tsis yog casting. Qhov tsis muaj xeb ntawm txhuas yog qhov zoo dua qub, thaum nws lub zog siv tshuab - txawm tias tsis zoo li hlau - tseem muaj zog heev. Hauv qhov chaw sab nraum zoov uas muaj dej loj, xws li pas dej, chaw ua si, lossis chaw ua si, aluminium channel gratings feem ntau ua pov thawj yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj. Txawm li cas los xij, aluminium trench grate feem ntau muaj tus nqi siab dua li cov hlau los yog cam khwb cia hlau ntau yam.

 

球墨铸铁排水篦子
Ductile hlau thiab Grey Hlau Trench Grate

Ductile hlau thiab grey cam khwb cia hlau trench grate yog pheej yig, hardy, ntev hnav xaiv uas muaj ntau yam zoo nkauj possibilities vim cov khoom castability.

Grey Cam khwb cia hlau Grates
Cov khoom ntawm grey cam khwb cia hlau ua rau nws cov khoom siv feem ntau siv los ntawm lub nroog rau grate thiab manhole npog. Feem ntau cov cam khwb cia hlau nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej no yog hu ua grey irons. Zoo li hlau, grey hlau yog incredibly muaj zog. Piv nrog rau cov hlau, nws muaj ntau dua kev co damping, uas yuav pab tau nyob rau hauv hardscape qhov twg kev co yuav cuam tshuam rau pob zeb. Cam khwb cia hlau kuj tsis deform nyob rau hauv compression. Nws yog khoom txawm nyob rau hauv ib tug hnyav load.


Hlau Grate
Ductile hlau grate zoo ib yam li cam khwb cia hlau grate xaiv nrog tsuas yog ob peb qhov sib txawv. Kev xaiv ntawm ob yog nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov thiab cov kua dej xav tau. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb yog cov hlau hlau grate muaj graphite uas ua rau lawv yooj yim dua. Lawv tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov txias txias thiab tsis tawg piv rau cam khwb cia hlau grate. Ob qho khoom siv yuav xeb dhau sijhawm tab sis cov txheej txheem qeeb dua nrog cov hlau nplaum.

 

Trench grate tuaj nyob rau hauv 2 daim ntawv

 

Gully Gratings

Cov no yog siv los tshem tawm cov nag thiab dej khib nyiab los ntawm txoj kev thiab cov chaw sib txuas. Cov pob khawm hauv cov gully gratings pab kho lawv kom nruj thiab ua kom yooj yim rub tawm rau kev saib xyuas.

Channel Gratings

Channel grating drainage systems, raws li lub npe qhia, yog cov dej hauv pem teb nrog cov qauv siv rau cov dej ntws ceev ceev. Cov channel no muaj qhov ntev ntev thiab yooj yim thiab yooj yim rau nruab.

球墨铸铁排水篦子

 

Koj Yuav Ua Li Cas Ua Lub Taub Hau Hlau Hlau Grating?

 

Kev xaiv khoom siv:Ductile hlau, tseem hu ua nodular cam khwb cia hlau los yog spheroidal graphite hlau, yog thawj cov khoom siv rau gully gratings. Nws muab lub zog zoo heev thiab ductility. Cov hlau feem ntau yog los ntawm cov khoom seem, npua hlau, thiab ntau yam alloying ntsiab kom ua tiav cov khoom xav tau.


Melting thiab Alloying:Cov ntaub ntawv xaiv tau yaj ntawm qhov kub siab heev (kwv yees li 2,200–2,800 degree lossis 3,992–5,072 degree F) hauv qhov cub. Txhawm rau txhawb kev tsim cov graphite nodules, uas muab cov hlau nplaum rau nws cov khoom tshwj xeeb, cov hlau alloying xws li silicon, magnesium, thiab lwm yam kab kawm ntxiv.


Casting:Cov hlau molten yog poured rau hauv pwm zoo li gully gratings. Cov pwm no feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm cov xuab zeb lossis hlau. Txhawm rau kom yooj yim tso tawm, cov pwm yog pre-coated nrog cov tshuaj refractory. Cov hlau hardens thiab txais yuav cov pwm zoo li nws txias.


Shakeout thiab Cleaning:Thaum cov hlau tau txias thiab hardened, cov pwm yog shaken los yog mechanically tawg kom rho tawm cov castings. Tom qab ntawd, cov tshiab cam khwb cia gully gratings yog ntxuav kom tshem tawm cov xuab zeb ntau dhau los yog lwm yam kab mob.


Kev kho cua sov:Kev kho cua sov yog nquag siv los txhim kho cov khoom siv ntawm cov hlau ductile hlau. Qhov no suav nrog annealing, nrog rau quenching thiab tempering.

 

Ua kom lub neej ntev- Cov lus qhia txog kev saib xyuas rau Ductile Iron Gully Grating
 

Tshawb xyuas lub Manhole Npog Ntawm Ib Lub Hauv Paus:
Kev tshuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua yog qhov tseem ceeb los saib xyuas cov cim ntawm kev puas tsuaj lossis hnav hauv cov khoom siv hauv cov kav dej thiab cov npog manhole. Tsawg kawg yog ob zaug hauv ib xyoos, cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo kom ua qhov kev kuaj pom lossis tom qab cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb xws li cua daj cua dub hnyav lossis ua haujlwm nyob ze. Tshawb xyuas lub hau kom tawg, chips, lossis warping. Yog tias koj pom muaj teeb meem, ua tam sim ntawd los tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj ntxiv thiab ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb rau pej xeem.

 

Txhim kho tus cwj pwm ntawm Ntxuav Cov Npog thiab Tshem Tawm Cov Khaub Ncaws:
Ductile manholes thiab manhole npog yuav tsum tau tu kom tsis tu ncua kom tsis txhob txhaws thiab tswj kev ua haujlwm. Tshem tawm cov khib nyiab, av, nplooj, lossis lwm yam khoom uas tau muab sau rau ntawm lub hau. Tshem tawm cov seem seem nrog txhuam los yog txhuam, thiab siv lub tshuab ua kom muaj zog los ntxuav cov av tawv raws li xav tau. Khaws lub hau kom huv si tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo thiab txhim kho kev pom, ua kom pom tseeb rau cov neeg taug kev thiab cov neeg tsav tsheb.

 

Tiv thaiv kev tsim ntawm xeb:
Ductile hlau manhole thiab ntws npog yog cov tiv taus corrosion, tab sis yuav tsum tau ceev faj kom muaj kev ruaj khov. Cov txheej tiv thaiv corrosion yog siv rau lub hau kom tiv thaiv nws los ntawm ya raws thiab lwm yam corrosive. Tsis tu ncua xyuas lub hau rau cov cim ntawm xeb lossis corrosion thiab kho tam sim ntawd. Yog tias koj pom qhov chaw puas lossis raug, siv cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv xeb lossis tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj kev puas tsuaj ntxiv.

 

Kev tuav lub Manhole npog yog qhov tseem ceeb:
Thaum ua haujlwm txij nkawm lossis kho cov haujlwm uas suav nrog kev nqa lossis txav lub qhov dej ntws los yog lub hau npog, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ua raws li cov txheej txheem tuav kom raug. Cov npog no tuaj yeem hnyav. Yog li ntawd, siv cov cuab yeej tsim nyog lossis cov cuab yeej siv kom nyab xeeb. Tsis txhob poob lossis ntaus lub hau, vim nws yuav tawg lossis tawg. Ceev faj tsis txhob ua kom puas lub foob ntawm lub hau thiab thav duab thaum lifting lossis repositioning. Nrog kev tuav kom zoo, lub hau yuav tsis puas thiab yuav nyob ruaj khov.

 

Kev Kho thiab Hloov ntawm Manhole Npog!
Txawm tias muaj kev saib xyuas tsis tu ncua, cov ntaub npog npog npog tuaj yeem hnav lossis ua kom puas tsuaj loj, yuav tsum tau kho lossis hloov pauv. Kev daws teeb meem sai sai yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo, ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo, thiab tswj kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov txheej txheem hauv av. ntiav ib tus kws tshaj lij tshwj xeeb hauv manhole npog kho lossis hloov kho kom ntseeg tau tias txoj haujlwm ua tiav kom raug. Saib xyuas qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub npog tsis tu ncua. Hu rau cov tub ceev xwm lossis cov neeg saib xyuas kom tau txais kev pab yog tias pom muaj kev puas tsuaj loj.

 

 
Peb lub Hoobkas

 

Shanxi Jintai Hongye Casting & Forging & Manhinery Co., Ltd. txij li xyoo 1970
Shanxi Jintai Hongye Casting thiab Forging Machinery Co., Ltd., thawj tiam ntawm foundry, MR.Barry Khen nkag mus rau hauv lub foundry nyob rau hauv nws cov hluas thiab pib siv cov cuab yeej yooj yim heev nyob rau hauv ib tug me me rhiav los cam khwb cia cov khoom, feem ntau tsim cov cuab yeej ua liaj ua teb.
Lub foundry txuas ntxiv loj hlob thiab txhim kho, thiab MR.Barry Khen pom tau hais tias kev lag luam foundry muaj peev xwm loj hlob, yog li nws txiav txim siab los tsim hauv daim teb no. Txhawm rau kom yeej kev lag luam tshiab thiab tsim cov txheej txheem hlau yeeb nkab fittings, cov cuab yeej casting tau hloov kho.

productcate-1-1

productcate-966-735
productcate-1-1
productcate-1-1

 

 
FAQ
 

Q: Ductile Iron Gully Grating yog dab tsi?

Ductile hlau gully grating yog ib hom ntawm cov dej npog ua los ntawm cov hlau nplaum, paub txog nws lub zog siab, ua haujlwm ntev, thiab ua haujlwm rau kev cuam tshuam thiab corrosion. Nws yog tsim los npog cov kav dej, tso cai rau cov dej ntws thaum tiv thaiv cov khib nyiab los ntawm qhov system.

Q: Dab tsi yog qhov zoo ntawm kev siv Cov Hlau Hlau?

A: High Strength: Cov hlau muaj zog tensile ntau dua 420 MPa, ua rau nws haum rau cov khoom hnyav.
Impact Resistance: Nws tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov cuam tshuam loj yam tsis muaj kev tawg, tsis zoo li cov hlau grey.
Corrosion Resistance: Nws muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo dua piv rau lwm cov ntaub ntawv, ua kom lub neej ntev.
Tsim Flexibility: Muaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam tsim thiab qhov ntau thiab tsawg kom haum rau cov kev siv sib txawv.

Q: Yuav ua li cas yog lub ductile Iron Gully Grating tsim?

A: Kev xaiv cov khoom: Tau los ntawm cov khoom seem hlau thiab alloying ntsiab.
Melting thiab Alloying: Melted ntawm siab kub nrog ntxiv alloying hlau.
Casting: Ncuav rau hauv pwm kom ua tiav cov duab xav tau.
Shakeout thiab Ntxuav: Pwm tau sib cais kom tshem tawm cov castings, uas tom qab ntawd ntxuav.
Kev kho cua sov: Txhim kho cov khoom siv kho tshuab kom txhim kho kev ua haujlwm.

Q: Kuv yuav xaiv txoj cai Iron Gully Grating li cas?

A: Xav txog cov hauv qab no:
Load Requirements: Xyuas kom cov grating tuaj yeem ua raws li qhov xav tau.
Environmental Conditions: Xaiv raws li kev raug tshuaj lom neeg lossis huab cua huab cua.
Aesthetic Needs: Xaiv cov qauv tsim uas ntxiv rau cov architecture ib puag ncig.

Q: Kuv yuav ua li cas thiaj li tuav tau lub taub hau Iron Gully Grating?

A: Kev tshuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua: Tshawb xyuas cov cim ntawm hnav, corrosion, lossis puas.
Ntxuav: Tshem cov khib nyiab thiab av kom huv si kom huv si.
Kev Kho: Hais txog tej kev puas tsuaj me me kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem ntxiv.

Q: Puas yog Iron Gully Gratings ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg?

A: Yog, ductile hlau yog recyclable, thiab nws lub neej ntev yuav txo tau qhov yuav tsum tau hloov ntau zaus, txo qhov cuam tshuam ib puag ncig.

Q: Cov nqe lus them nqi yog dab tsi?

A: Txawm hais tias tus nqi pib yuav siab dua li qee qhov kev xaiv, cov khoom siv hlau ua kom ntev thiab kev saib xyuas tsis zoo feem ntau ua rau nws raug nqi ntau dua nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev.

Q: Kuv puas tuaj yeem yuav Ductile Iron Gully Grating?

A: Koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau cov hlau nplaum gully grating los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom tshwj xeeb, cov khw muag khoom kav dej, thiab cov khw muag khoom hauv online. Nco ntsoov xyuas kom koj tab tom nrhiav los ntawm cov chaw muag khoom muaj npe nrov.

Q: Dab tsi yog qhov kev cia siab lifespan ntawm Ductile Iron Gully Grating?

A: Nrog rau kev saib xyuas kom zoo, cov hlau ductile gully grating tuaj yeem siv tau ntau xyoo lawm, feem ntau outlasting lwm txoj kev ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis tshua muaj zog.

Q: Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm cov hlau cam khwb cia hlau thiab cov hlua hlau grate?

A: Qhov sib txawv yog vim lub microstructures ntawm graphite nyob rau hauv cov hlau alloys. Cov khoom siv hlau muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws corrosion kuj, tensile zog, thiab yield zog. Tsis zoo li cam khwb cia hlau, cov hlau nplaum tsis tawg thaum khoov, uas yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov ntawv thov siab.

Raws li ib qho ntawm cov ua ductile hlau gully grating tuam ntxhab thiab cov muag khoom nyob rau hauv Suav teb, peb sov siab txais tos koj mus yuav cov qib high ductile hlau gully grating muag ntawm no los ntawm peb lub hoobkas. Tag nrho peb cov khoom yog nrog cov khoom zoo thiab cov nqi sib tw.