Cov hlau hlau muaj cov khoom zoo heev, sib txuas lub zog ntawm cov hlau nrog cov castability ntawm hlau. Nws pom zoo machinability, vibration damping, thiab qaug zog kuj, thaum nws cov nqi qis dua forged steel thiab alloy steel. Tam sim no, ductile hlau yog dav siv nyob rau hauv tsheb tsim, machinery khoom, municipal pipeline networks, railways, thiab aviation, ua tus thib ob loj tshaj plaws cam khwb cia hlau ntau yam tom qab grey cam khwb cia hlau, thiab hailed raws li ib tug qauv khoom siv rau "hloov hlau nrog hlau.
Keeb kwm luv luv / keeb kwm thaum ntxov
Lub tswvyim ntawm ductile hlau tsis yog tshwj xeeb rau kev lag luam niaj hnub. Kev tshawb fawb Archaeological tau qhia tias thaum ntxov Warring States lub sij hawm (kwv yees li 2000 xyoo dhau los), Suav craftsmen twb paub cov txheej txheem ntawm tsim spheroidal graphite cam khwb cia hlau los ntawm ib tug txheej txheem hu ua "cam khwb cia hlau softening." Uniformly faib spheroidal graphite lug kuj tau pom nyob rau hauv hlau artifacts unearthed los ntawm Han Dynasty. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias cov neeg ua haujlwm hlau hauv Suav thaum ub, los ntawm kev xyaum ua haujlwm ntev -, twb tau tshawb pom cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev siv graphite morphology los txhim kho cov khoom ntawm cam khwb cia hlau. Txawm hais tias ib qho kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb fawb tseem tsis tau tsim nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, qhov kev tshawb pom no qhia txog tib neeg txoj kev nkag siab thaum ntxov ntawm cov txheej txheem graphitization hauv cam khwb cia hlau.
Modern Inventions thiab Industrialization
Kev yug me nyuam ntawm cov tshuab hlau niaj hnub no feem ntau taug qab mus rau nruab nrab - xyoo pua 20th. Xyoo 1947, H. Morrogh ntawm teb chaws Aas Kiv thawj zaug tshaj tawm ib txoj hauv kev kom tau txais spheroidal graphite los ntawm kev ntxiv cerium (Ce) rau cam khwb cia hlau, ib qho kev tshawb pom uas cim qhov pib ntawm kev lag luam hlau niaj hnub. Yuav luag ib txhij, AP Ganganebin thiab lwm tus ntawm International Nickel Corporation (INCO) hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau tshawb pom nws tus kheej tias ntxiv magnesium (Mg) rau cov hlau molten ua raws li kev kho mob inoculation tuaj yeem ua tau zoo spheroidal graphite cam khwb cia hlau.
Thaum lub sij hawm thiab tom qab Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 2, vim qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov khoom siv tswv yim chromium, cov hlau nplaum, ua ib qho kev hloov rau kev hnav- cov hlau cam khwb cia hlau alloys, sai sai nyiam cov kev lag luam. Xyoo 1948, Tebchaws Askiv thiab Tebchaws Meskas tau pib muaj kev tsim cov khoom siv hlau, feem ntau yog tsim rau kev tsim tsheb thiab cov kav dej. Tuam Tshoj tau ntse tsim thiab muab tso rau hauv cov khoom siv hlau hauv xyoo 1950. Nyob rau xyoo 1951, Xib Fwb Wang Zunming tau ua tiav qhov tsis tshua muaj -lub ntiaj teb magnesium spheroidizing tus neeg sawv cev, daws teeb meem xws li kev pheej hmoo siab ntawm magnesium vapor tawg thiab tsis tshua muaj nqus, yog li txhawb txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm cov khoom siv hlau hauv Suav teb. Tom qab ntau xyoo ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, cov hlau nplaum tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv dav siv tshaj plawsterials nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no.
Cov txheej txheem ntau lawm
Lub hauv paus ntawm cov khoom siv hlau yog nyob rau hauv kev tau txais spheroidal graphite, feem ntau suav nrog smelting, spheroidizing kev kho, kev kho inoculation, thiab casting. Smelting feem ntau yog siv lub cubola cub los yog induction rauv, xav tau cov hlau molten ntshiab nrog cov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev tsim tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, cov ntsiab lus carbon thiab silicon feem ntau yog tsim los ua hypereutectic los pab txhawb graphite spheroidization.
Kev kho spheroidizing yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov hlau ductile. Magnesium los yog tsis tshua muaj - ntiaj teb magnesium alloys feem ntau yog ntxiv rau cov hlau molten li spheroidizing cov neeg ua haujlwm kom tshem tawm cov teeb meem ntawm leej faj thiab txhawb nqa graphite spheroidization. Tom qab qhov no, kev kho mob inoculation yog ua, ntxiv inoculating cov neeg ua haujlwm xws li ferrosilicon kom cov graphite nuclei, refine graphite spheroids, thiab tiv thaiv kev tsim cov hlau cam khwb cia dawb. Thaum lub sij hawm casting, vim ductile hlau expands ho thaum lub sij hawm solidification, nws yog nquag mus shrinkage kab noj hniav thiab porosity; Yog li ntawd, ib tug sequential solidification txoj cai feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv riser tsim. Furthermore, the application of continuous casting technology (such as horizontal continuous casting) can produce ductile iron profiles with a denser microstructure and more uniform properties, with high production efficiency and low cost.
Tus nqi lossis cuam tshuam
Kev tsim thiab siv cov hlau nplaum tau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau kev lag luam niaj hnub no. Nws ua tiav daws qhov tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm lub zog thiab lub zog ntawm cov hlau cam, revitalizing cov khoom qub. Raws li cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev hloov cov hlau nrog hlau, cov hlau nplaum tau hloov cov khoom kim heev thiab cam khwb cia hlau hauv ntau daim ntawv thov, txo cov nqi tsim khoom. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws khaws cov khoom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov hlau cam khwb cia, ua rau kev tsim khoom ntawm cov complex-zoo li tus thiab nyuaj-rau-forge qhov chaw, zoo heev enriching possibilities ntawm mechanical tsim. Kev siv dav dav ntawm cov hlau nplaum tsis yog tsuas yog ua rau kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis hauv kev lag luam xws li tsheb, tshuab, thiab kev tsim kho, tab sis kuj tseem ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev txuag hluav taws xob, txo qis emissions, thiab txhim kho cov ntaub ntawv science.
Cov ntaub ntawv tiv tauj
Peb tshwj xeeb hauv kev tshawb fawb, kev tsim kho, tsim, tsim, thiab kev muag khoom ntawm cov kav dej, xws li cov kav hlau kav hlau, cov yeeb nkab hlau flanges, flanges, couplings, disassembly pob qij txha, li qub, manhole npog, flanges, steel kav, thiab steel yeeb nkab fittings. Rau lwm cov neeg xav tau kev pab, thov hu rau peb rau customization.
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