Manhole npog uas tshwm sim hauv xyoo 1950
Nrog rau kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis, kev tiv thaiv- kev daws teeb meem manhole npog tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb, ua rau lub ntsej muag ntse npog nrog cov haujlwm xws li kev poob siab, txo suab nrov, tiv thaiv tub sab, tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv, thiab tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj. Cov qauv tsim nyog, xws li "Anti-kev daws teeb meem Manhole npog" tus qauv, tau luam tawm thiab ua tiav.
Khoom Taw Qhia
Cov khoom siv hlau hauv kuv lub tebchaws tau pib xyoo 1950, siv magnesium ua tus neeg sawv cev spheroidizing. Hauv xyoo 1965, kev sim ua tiav uas siv tsis tshua muaj -lub ntiaj teb magnesium-ferrosilicon ua tus neeg sawv cev spheroidizing tau tiav. Qhov kev tshwm sim ntawm cov khoom siv hlau txuas tau ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv hlau cam khwb cia. Ductile hlau manhole npog yog ib hom khoom siv hlau. Los ntawm spheroidizing thiab inoculation kev kho mob, spheroidal graphite yog tau nyob rau hauv ductile hlau, zoo txhim kho cov neeg kho tshuab zog ntawm cam khwb cia hlau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nws plasticity thiab toughness, ua rau lub zog siab dua carbon steel. Cov khoom siv hlau yog ib qho kev tsim kho siab - lub zog cam khwb cia hlau cov khoom uas muaj cov khoom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov hlau. Raws li nws cov khoom zoo heev, nws tau ua tiav siv los nrum qhov chaw raug kev nyuaj siab thiab xav tau lub zog siab, toughness, thiab hnav tsis kam. Ductile hlau tau tsim sai sai rau hauv qhov thib ob feem ntau siv cam khwb cia hlau khoom tom qab grey cam khwb cia hlau. Qhov no-hu ua "hloov hlau nrog hlau" feem ntau yog hais txog cov hlau uas muaj hlau. Piv nrog grey cam khwb cia hlau manhole npog, ductile hlau muaj ntau yam zoo. Ua ntej, nws muaj lub zog siab, nrog tensile thiab tawm los muaj zog zoo ib yam li qis - carbon steel, peb zaug ntawm grey cam khwb cia hlau, thiab tuaj yeem nqa tau qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 60 tons. Qhov thib ob, nws muaj zog toughness; qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo ntawm cov hlau nplaum zoo ib yam li cov khoom nruab nrab - carbon steel, ntau dua 10 npaug ntawm cov hlau cam khwb cia grey. Peb, nws muaj zoo plasticity; nws elongation zoo ib yam li siab - carbon steel, thaum grey cam khwb cia hlau muaj xoom elongation. Plaub, nws qhov chaw yog kho nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv- xeb asphalt xim, ua rau nws muaj kev xeb ntau dua - tiv taus cov hlau thiab grey cam khwb cia hlau, ua rau lub neej ua haujlwm ntev dua. Thib tsib, vim yog spheroidal graphite microstructure ntawm cov hlau hlau, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj rau cov hlau nrum hauv kev txo kev co, yog li ua tau zoo dua hauv kev txo kev ntxhov siab. Thib rau, ductile hlau manhole npog yog kwv yees li 30% sib zog dua li grey cam khwb cia hlau manhole npog.
Cam khwb cia hlau ductile hlau manhole npog feem ntau muab faib ua ob hom. Hauv kev tswj hwm hauv nroog, cov npog npog feem ntau yog siv vim tias lawv tsis tshua muaj tilting, yog li tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg taug kev thiab tsheb. Kev siv ib puag ncig zoo yog feem ntau vim qhov tseeb tias txhua txoj kab uas hla ntawm ib puag ncig manhole npog yog tib qhov ntev los ntawm nws qhov chaw. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias yog lub tsheb khiav hla lub hau, tsis hais nws yuav nqa li cas, nws txoj kab uas hla yuav ib txwm dav me ntsis ntawm qhov qhib hauv qab no, tiv thaiv lub hau los ntawm kev poob rau hauv qhov manhole.
Yog tias siv lub npog square manhole, nws txoj kab pheeb ces kaum ntev dua li nws sab. Thaum lub npog zoo li no tau dov, nws tuaj yeem yooj yim poob rau hauv qhov dej raws kab pheeb ces kaum ntawm qhov qhib, tsim kom muaj kev nyab xeeb. Yog hais tias lub qhov dej qhib yog ib puag ncig los yog me dua lub hau, lub hau square yuav tsis poob rau hauv lub qhov dej. Qhov no suav nrog qhov teeb meem ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv ntau tshaj plaws thiab txuag cov peev txheej. Kev siv lub npog manhole nyob ntawm nws qhov loj. Yog tias lub npog square nrog thaj tsam loj dua li qhov qhib tau teeb tsa, kev siv cov khoom siv thiab cov txiaj ntsig zoo yog ib txwm muaj txiaj ntsig tsawg dua li siv lub hau npog, uas txuag cov khoom siv thiab ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm qhov qhib qhov dej.
Hauv cov chaw nyob deb nroog thiab siv rau hauv cov kav dej, cov duab plaub feem ntau yog siv los tiv thaiv dej nag thiab lwm yam dej los ntawm kev nkag mus.
Nrog kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis, ductile hlau manhole npog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev saib xyuas kev ua haujlwm tau tshwm sim. Cov kev txawj ntse manhole npog feem ntau muaj kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv - tsim kev daws teeb meem, txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg los ntawm cov npoo dav, tshwj xeeb xauv mechanisms, thiab lub qhov (socket structures). Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv yuav tau nruab nrog cov roj hmab poob siab- nqus pluaj los txo cov suab nrov thiab ua tau - hauv cov hlau nplaum hlau ruaj ntseg los txhim kho kev nyab xeeb. Lawv cov khoom siv lub tswb nrov tuaj yeem ua suab nrov thaum lub hau npog manhole raug tshem tawm lossis thaum cov kua dej hauv lub qhov dej siab tshaj tus qauv, ua kom muaj kev saib xyuas thiab tswj xyuas cov chaw taws teeb.
Element
Npua hlau yog hlau -carbon alloy nrog cov ntsiab lus carbon ntau dua 2%. Cov npua hlau feem ntau muaj 2.5% -4% carbon thiab tseem suav nrog cov khoom xws li C, Si, Mn, S, thiab P. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv uas muaj cov pa roj carbon nyob rau hauv npua hlau, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua ntau hom, xws li steelmaking npua hlau, foundry npua hlau, thiab hlau hlau.
Lub precipitated graphite yog spherical nyob rau hauv cov duab nyob rau hauv ductile hlau. Spheroidal graphite muaj qhov txiav me me ntawm cov hlau matrix tshaj flake graphite, tso cai rau cov hlau cam kom ua tiav 70-90% ntawm lub zog matrix, nrog lub zog tensile ncav cuag 120 kgf / mm², thiab zoo toughness. Cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov hlau, tsis suav nrog hlau, feem ntau yog: 3.6-3.8% carbon, 2.0-3.0% silicon, thiab tag nrho tsis pub ntau tshaj 1.5% manganese, phosphorus, thiab sulfur, nrog rau cov nqi tsim nyog ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj thiab magnesium ua spheroidizing cov neeg ua haujlwm. Feem ntau siv cov qib hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hlau manhole npog suav nrog GGG500-7 thiab GGG400-12.
Kev tsim kho kev ua haujlwm
Cov hlau hlau castings yog siv nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua qhov kev lag luam loj uas yuav tsum muaj lub zog siab, plasticity, toughness, hnav tsis kam, tsis kam rau thermal thiab mechanical shock, tsis kam mus rau siab lossis qis, corrosion resistance, thiab dimension stability. Yuav kom ua tau raws li cov kev pabcuam sib txawv no, cov hlau nplaum muaj nyob hauv ntau qib, muab ntau yam khoom siv thiab lub cev. Raws li cov khoom lag luam hauv nroog, qhov kev thauj khoom -cov kabmob muaj peev xwm ntawm cov kav hlau hlau manhole npog feem ntau yog muab qhab nia raws li cov qauv xws li EN124, nrog cov qib xws li A15, B125, C250, D400, E600, thiab F900.
Feem ntau cov hlau castings, raws li tau teev tseg hauv ISO 1083 ntawm Lub Koom Haum Thoob Ntiaj Teb rau Standardization, feem ntau yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub xeev unalloyed. Qhov ntau yam no pom tseeb suav nrog qib siab - lub zog muaj zog tensile ntau dua 800 N / mm² thiab elongation ntawm 2%. Nyob rau lwm qhov siab yog siab - qib ductility nrog elongation ntau dua 17% thiab sib npaug zog qis (tsawg kawg 370 N / mm²). Lub zog thiab elongation tsis yog tib yam rau cov neeg tsim qauv xaiv cov khoom; Lwm cov khoom tseem ceeb suav nrog lub zog tawm los, kev hloov pauv ntawm elasticity, hnav tsis kam thiab qaug zog lub zog, hardness, thiab cuam tshuam tsis kam. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tiv thaiv corrosion, oxidation tsis kam, thiab electromagnetic zog tej zaum yuav yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov neeg tsim qauv. Txhawm rau ua kom tau raws li cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb no, ib pawg ntawm austenitic ductile irons, feem ntau hu ua Ni-Resistive ductile irons, tau tsim. Cov austenitic ductile irons feem ntau yog alloyed nrog zinc, chromium, thiab manganese thiab suav nrog cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb. Piv rau cov tsoos grey cam khwb cia hlau manhole npog, ductile hlau manhole npog muaj qhov zoo tseem ceeb: Ua ntej, lawv muaj lub zog siab, nrog tensile thiab yield zog zoo ib yam li qis - carbon steel, thiab peb zaug ntawm grey cam khwb cia hlau; thib ob, lawv muaj qhov zoo toughness, nrog kev cuam tshuam tsis kam ntau tshaj 10 npaug ntawm cov hlau grey; thib peb, lawv muaj cov yas zoo, nrog elongation zoo ib yam li siab - carbon steel; thib plaub, tom qab xeb- pov thawj txheej kho, lawv muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo dua; thib tsib, lawv cov qauv spheroidal graphite muab lawv zoo dua kev co damping muaj peev xwm dua cam khwb cia hlau; thiab thib rau, lawv yog kwv yees li 30% sib zog dua li grey cam khwb cia hlau manhole npog.
Cov txheej txheem ntau lawm
Cov txheej txheem casting rau ductile hlau manhole npog feem ntau yog siv molding slabs ua ke nrog ntsuab xuab zeb rau phau ntawv los yog mechanical molding.
Cov kev cai nruj yog muab tso rau hauv cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, nrog cov ntsiab lus ntau dua carbon thiab silicon nyob rau hauv thawj molten hlau piv rau grey cam khwb cia hlau, thaum txo cov manganese, phosphorus, thiab sulfur cov ntsiab lus hauv cov hlau ductile.
Lub tapping kub ntawm cov hlau molten yog siab dua li ntawm grey cam khwb cia hlau los them rau qhov kub poob thaum lub sij hawm spheroidization thiab inoculation kev kho mob.
Kev kho spheroidizing yuav ntxiv ib tus neeg sawv cev spheroidizing rau cov hlau molten.
Ntxiv ib qho kev loj hlob txhawb rau incubation kho
Cov hlau tsis muaj dej tsis zoo thiab lub ntsws loj, yog li nws yuav tsum muaj qhov kub thiab txias thiab lub qhov rooj loj loj, nrog rau kev siv kom zoo ntawm risers thiab chills, thiab kev saws me nyuam ntawm cov txheej txheem ua kom muaj zog.
Kev kho cua sov thiab kev kho deg: Tom qab casting, lub manhole npog yuav tsum tau kho saum npoo. Cov txheej txheem txheej txheem muaj xws li txias- siv cov xim dub asphalt, thiab cov txheej txheem kho lossis tsis muaj txheej kuj tuaj yeem siv raws li cov neeg siv khoom xav tau.
Standards thiab Certification
Cov cam khwb cia hlau ductile hlau manhole npog ua raws li GB / T 1348-2019 tus qauv.
Cov ntawv pov thawj zoo tshaj plaws rau cov khoom siv hlau npog npog suav nrog RoHS, ISO, thiab CE. Cov qauv tsim qauv tseem ceeb ua raws li EN124 (load- cov qauv kev muaj peev xwm, xws li A15, B125, C250, D400, E600, F900) thiab A60005 (rau kev tsim qauv).
Cov chaw thov
Cov ntaub qhwv hlau manhole feem ntau yog siv rau hauv txoj kev hauv nroog, txoj kev loj, kev sib txuas lus, hluav taws xob, dej, chaw nyob, tsev kawm ntawv thiab lwm qhov chaw ua si.
Peb qhov chaw nyob
Shanxi Jintai Hongye Casting thiab Forging Machinery Co., Ltd.
Xov tooj
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E -mail
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